1. Evolution of bilateral body plans was accompanied by: a. cephalization b. a brain c. a spinal cord d. reflexes e. reasoning : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.1 What  are the types of nervous systems? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 2. Clusters of cell bodies of neurons are known as: a. nerve cords b. ganglia c. a plexus d. notochords e. nerves : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.1 What are the types of nervous systems? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 3. The simplest cephalization occurs in: a. earthworms b. planarian flatworms c. jellyfish d. vertebrates e. grasshoppers : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.1 What are the types of nervous systems? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 4. The two major divisions of the vertebral nervous system are the: a. autonomic and peripheral systems b. sympathetic and parasympathetic systems c. cranial and spinal nerves d. central and peripheral nervous systems e. brain and spinal cord : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.1 What are the types of nervous systems? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 5. A "nerve" is defined as: a. neuron fibers bundled inside a sheath of connective tissue b. a single axon of a neuron c. the same as a neuron within the central nervous system d. a dendrite e. a fiber more than 10 inches in length : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.1 What are the types of nervous systems? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 6. Animals with radial symmetry have a mesh of interconnected neurons called a: a. nerve b. nerve cord c. nerve net d. ganglia e. brain : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.1 What are the types of nervous systems? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 7. What is a defining feature of chordate embryos? a. cephalization b. a nerve cord c. ganglia d. a brain e. a dorsal nerve cord : e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.1 What are the types of nervous systems? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 8. Interneurons have: a. many dendrites and one axon b. many axons and one dendrite c. one axon and one dendrite d. axons only e. no cellular projections : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.2 How does neuron structure relate to function? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 9. The input zone of a neuron involves the: a. axon only b. axonal terminals only c. cell body only d. dendrites only e. cell body and its dendrites, but not the axon or its terminals : e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.2 How does neuron structure relate to function? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 10. Within a single neuron, what is the direction of an impulse? a. dendrite → axon → cell body b. axon → dendrite → cell body c. dendrite → cell body → axon d. cell body → dendrite → axon e. cell body → axon → dendrite : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.2 How does neuron structure relate to function? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 11. In vertebrate nervous systems, information typically flows from sensory neurons to ____ and then to ____. a. the brain; the spinal cord b. a nerve cord; ganglia c. interneurons; sensory neurons d. motor; sensory neurons e. interneurons; motor neurons : e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.2 How does neuron structure relate to function? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 12. What part of a neuron houses the nucleus? a. cell body b. axon c. dendrites d. cell projections e. synaptic terminal : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.2 How does neuron structure relate to function? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 13. Electrical signals spread to a(n) ____ zone at the start of an axon. If the electrical signals are sufficiently strong, they are conducted along the axon to its terminal endings. a. input b. trigger c. conducting d. output e. initiation : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.2 How does neuron structure relate to function? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 14. Resting potential arises from the distribution of charged ____ and small ions inside and outside of a neuron. a. pumps b. channels c. organelles d. proteins e. membranes : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.3 What is membrane potential? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 15. An abrupt reversal in the electric gradient across the neuron plasma membrane is called a(n): a. resting potential b. membrane potential c. action potential d. ion concentration gradient e. electrochemical signal : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.3 What is membrane potential? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 16. At rest, a nerve cell has a high concentration of ____ inside and a high concentration of ____ outside. a. acetylcholine; chlorine b. sodium; potassium c. potassium; sodium d. calcium; phosphorus e. phosphorus; calcium : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.3 What is membrane potential? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 17. Sodium-potassium pumping moves ____ potassium ions into the cell for every ____ sodium ions that move out of the cell. a. two; two b. three; two c. two; three d. three; three e. three; four : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.3 What is membrane potential? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 18. Voltage-gated channels are: a. open in a resting neuron but closed during an action potential b. open in a resting neuron and open during an action potential c. closed in a resting neuron but open during an action potential d. closed in a resting neuron and closed during an action potential e. always open : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.3 What is membrane potential? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 19. ____-producing neuroglial cells that associate with most vertebrate neurons speed conduction of action potentials. a. Sodium b. Potassium c. Neurotransmitter d. Connective tissue e. Myelin : e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.4 What happens at action potentials? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 20. Ions cannot cross myelin, so a myelinated axon undergoes action potentials only at: a. nodes b. junctions c. sheathed areas d. axon terminals e. axon trigger zone : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.4 What happens during action potentials? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New Figure 29.8 21. When do gated potassium channels open, as depicted in the accompanying figure? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. B and C : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.4 What happens during an action potential? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: New 22. What is the status of ion gated channels in “A” of the accompanying figure? a. Both channels are closed. b. Gated potassium channels are always open; gated sodium channels are always closed. c. Gated sodium channels are open; gated potassium channels are closed. d. Gated potassium channels are open; gated sodium channels are closed. e. Only sodium has a gated channel. : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.4 What happens during an action potential? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: New 23. When do gated potassium channels close, as depicted in the accompanying figure? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. B and C : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.4 What happens during an action potential? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: New 24. What happens during the short recovery period before another action potential? a. The threshold value is increased. b. The threshold value is reduced. c. The sodium gates are shut and the potassium gates are opened. d. Both sodium and potassium gates are shut. e. The nerve is said to be at the resting potential. : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.4 What happens during an action potential? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 25. An action potential has begun. What event happens first? a. Gated sodium channels open. b. Sodium ions leave the cell. c. Gated potassium channels open. d. Potassium ions leave the cell. e. Gated sodium and gated potassium channels both open. : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.4 What happens during an action potential? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 26. Multiple sclerosis is a nervous system disorder that arises when white blood cells mistakenly attack and destroy: a. neurons b. ganglia c. myelin d. neuroglial cells e. nerves : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.4 What happens during an action potential? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 27. Before another action potential, what must happen? a. There must be a restoration of the resting conditions in the membrane. b. The membrane voltage must drop to zero. c. The sodium-potassium pump must cease temporarily. d. All of the membrane gates must be closed at the same time. e. Potassium must move into the cell. : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.4 What happens during an action potential? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 28. An action potential begins in a neuron’s trigger zone, the part of the axon adjacent to the cell body. When a neuron is at rest, this region’s gated channels for sodium and potassium are ____. a. closed b. both open c. both open but inactive d. open only at gated sodium channels e. open only at gated potassium channels : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.4 What happens during an action potential? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 29. If the stimulus is large enough at the trigger zone, the membrane potential reaches ____, and an action potential begins. a. positive charge b. maximum voltage c. resting potential d. threshold potential e. minimum ionic concentration gradient : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.4 What happens during an action potential? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 30. When gated sodium and potassium channels open during an action potential, what direction do the ions flow? a. They both flow from interstitial fluid into the cytoplasm. b. They both flow from the cytoplasm to the interstitial fluid. c. Sodium flows from the cytoplasm to the interstitial fluid and potassium flows the opposite direction. d. Sodium flows from the interstitial fluid to the cytoplasm and potassium flows the opposite direction. e. Potassium flows from the interstitial fluid to the cytoplasm and sodium flows the opposite direction. : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.4 What happens during an action potential? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: New 31. Membrane potential cannot exceed +30 mV, because when it reaches this level, gated sodium channels close, and: a. potassium only moves across the cell membrane via passive transport proteins b. sodium only moves across the cell membrane via passive transport proteins c. potassium gated channels open d. potassium flows into the cytoplasm e. the action potential is not propagated : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.4 What happens during an action potential? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: New 32. What forms at a junction between two neurons? a. myelin sheath b. synapse c. node d. neurotransmitter e. interneuron : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.5 What happens at a synapse? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 33. What carries the signal between a neuron sending a message and the neuron receiving it? a. threshold value b. action potential c. neurotransmitter d. neurohormone e. resting potential : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.5 What happens at a synapse? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 34. Synaptic integration means that: a. all positive or excitatory stimuli are added together b. the positive and negative ions neutralize each other c. excitatory and inhibitory signals are combined in a postsynaptic neuron d. adjacent neurons interact so that excitatory and inhibitory stimuli cancel each other e. one neurotransmitter signal is received at a time : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.5 What happens at a synapse? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: Modified 35. Neurotransmitters may be removed from the synaptic cleft by: a. enzymatic breakdown or pumping back into presynaptic cells b. enzymatic breakdown only c. pumping back into presynaptic cells only d. neutralization by antibodies e. ionic degradation : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.5 What happens at a synapse? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 36. Acetylcholine ____ skeletal muscle and ____ cardiac muscle. a. stimulates; also stimulates b. stimulates; inhibits c. inhibits; stimulates d. inhibits; also inhibits e. binds receptors on; does not bind receptors on : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.5 What happens at a synapse? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 37. Which of the following neurotransmitters is mismatched? a. acetylcholine : muscle contraction b. endorphins : pain relief c. norepinephrine : response to stress d. serotonin : sexual function e. dopamine : reward -based learning : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.5 What happens at a synapse? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 38. Which part of a neuron stores neurotransmitters? a. dendrites b. cell body c. axon trigger zone d. axon terminal e. axon conducting zone : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.5 What happens at a synapse? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 39. Some drugs mimic a neurotransmitter’s effect on a postsynaptic cell. For example, morphine and heroin bind to receptors for: a. acetylcholine. b. dopamine c. adenosine d. serotonin e. endorphins : e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.6 How do drugs act at synapses? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 40. Which drug works by encouraging neurotransmitter release from the presynaptic cell? a. caffeine b. alcohol c. cocaine d. depression medication e. heroin : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.6 How do drugs act at synapses? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 41. Depression is treated by drugs that slow the uptake of which neurotransmitter? a. epinephrine b. adenosine c. dopamine d. serotonin e. endorphins : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.6 How do drugs act at synapses? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 42. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system: a. widens airways b. increases the flow of watery saliva c. stimulates peristaltic contractions of the intestinal system d. slows heartbeat and lowers blood pressure e. allows the body to relax rather than prepare for fight or flight : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.7 What is the peripheral nervous system? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 43. The autonomic subdivision consists specifically of: a. central and peripheral nerves b. parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves c. somatic and involuntary nerves d. brain and spinal cord e. spinal and cranial nerves : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.7 What is the peripheral nervous system? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember Selecting the Exception 44. Four of the five s listed below are actions mediated by the sympathetic nervous system. Select the exception. a. pulse increase b. stimulation of urination c. widening of airways d. digestion slows down e. dilates pupils of the eye : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.7 What is the peripheral nervous system? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember OTHER: Selecting the Exception 45. Four of the five s listed below are parts of the forebrain. Select the exception. a. corpus callosum b. thalamus c. hypothalamus d. cerebellum e. cerebrum : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.9 What are the features of a vertebrate brain? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember OTHER: Selecting the Exception 46. Neurons of the somatic nervous system relay: a. commands to skeletal muscles b. information from the internal environment to the central nervous system c. signals to smooth and cardiac muscles d. signals to adjust digestion e. signals to adjust the breathing rate : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.7 What is the peripheral nervous system? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 47. The autonomic subdivision of the vertebrate nervous system would innervate all but which organ? a. intestinal muscles b. skeletal muscles c. heart d. pancreas e. liver : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.7 What is the peripheral nervous system? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: Modified 48. The two principal divisions of the peripheral nervous system are the: a. somatic and autonomic systems b. sympathetic and parasympathetic systems c. peripheral and central systems d. afferent and autonomic systems e. cranial and skeletal nerves : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.7 What is the peripheral nervous system? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 49. Signals from the parasympathetic nervous system would cause a(n): a. widening of pupils b. increase in pulse rate c. increase in digestive system movements d. rise in blood sugar level e. rise in metabolic rate : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.7 What is the peripheral nervous system? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 50. The word that best describes the interaction of sympathetic and parasympathetic systems is: a. antagonistic b. cooperative c. overriding d. agonistic e. ineffective : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.7 What is the peripheral nervous system? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 51. Neurons of which nervous system relay information about the external environment to the brain? a. central b. somatic c. autonomic d. sympathetic e. parasympathetic : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.7 What is the peripheral nervous system? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 52. White matter consists of: a. cell bodies b. dendrites c. axon terminals d. myelinated axons e. meninges : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.8 What are the organs of the central nervous system? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 53. Dorsal roots in the spinal cord contain: a. motor neurons b. sensory neurons c. interneurons d. cerebrospinal fluid e. ventral roots : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.8 What are the organs of the central nervous system? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 54. What fills the space between meninges, a central canal in the spinal cord, and brain ventricles? a. blood b. plasma c. interstitial fluid d. unmyelinated axons e. cerebrospinal fluid : e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.8 What are the organs of the central nervous system? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 55. What is not involved in a spinal reflex? a. spinal cord b. brain c. sensory neuron d. motor neuron e. gray matter : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.8 What are the organs of the central nervous system? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: New 56. The brain and spinal cord are covered by the protective: a. ventricles b. meninges c. cerebrospinal sheaths d. myelin e. endothelium : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.8 What are the organs of the central nervous system? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 57. In a reflex arc, where does the synapse between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron occur? a. in the brain b. between the receptor and the spinal cord c. within a muscle d. within the spinal cord e. in the nerve leading to the spinal cord : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.8 What are the organs of the central nervous system? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 58. The spinal cord transmits information between peripheral nerves and the: a. sympathetic nervous system b. autonomic nervous system c. parasympathetic nervous system d. white matter e. brain : e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.8 What are the organs of the central nervous system? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 59. The part of the brain that controls the basic responses necessary to maintain life processes (breathing, heartbeat) is the: a. medulla oblongata b. corpus callosum c. fissure of Rolando d. cerebellum e. cerebral cortex : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.9 What are the features of a vertebrate brain? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 60. The hindbrain includes the: a. thalamus b. pineal gland c. hypothalamus d. midbrain e. cerebellum : e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.9 What are the features of a vertebrate brain? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 61. The part of the brain that connects the spinal cord with the forebrain is the: a. cerebrum b. pons c. cerebellum d. fissure of Rolando e. hypothalamus : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.9 What are the features of a vertebrate brain? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 62. The part of the brain that deals with the basic drives such as hunger, sex, and thirst is the: a. cerebrum b. pons c. cerebellum d. thalamus e. hypothalamus : e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.9 What are the features of a vertebrate brain? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 63. The center for spatial orientation and posture is the: a. cerebrum b. pons c. cerebellum d. thalamus e. hypothalamus : c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.9 What are the features of a vertebrate brain? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: Modified 64. Which area of the brain helps to translate thoughts into speech by controlling tongue, throat, and lip muscles? a. amygdala b. Broca's area c. hypothalamus d. limbic system e. pineal body : b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.10 What are the functions of the cerebral cortex? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 65. Destruction of the motor areas in the left cerebral cortex results in the loss of: a. sensation on the right side of the body b. sensation on the left side of the body. c. voluntary movement on the left side of the body d. voluntary movement on the right side of the body e. the ability to speak : d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.10 What are the functions of the cerebral cortex? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand NOTES: Modified 66. The center of consciousness and intelligence is the: a. medulla oblongata b. thalamus c. pons d. cerebellum e. cerebrum : e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.10 What are the functions of the cerebral cortex? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 67. What area of the brain consists of highly folded gray matter? a. cerebral cortex b. cerebellum c. midbrain d. pons e. medulla oblongata : a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: Section 29.10 What are the functions of the cerebral cortex? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember NOTES: New 68. The region of the frontal lobe that controls voluntary movement is called the: a. motor region b. voluntary cortex c. primary motor cortex d. somatosensory cortex e. primary auditory cortex 69. What brain region plays an essential role in the formation of declarative memories? a. cerebrum b. cerebellum c. hippocampus d. thalamus e. hypothalamus 70. The limbic system is involved in control of: a. breathing b. emotions c. heart rate d. peristalsis e. vision 71. Forming skill memories through repetition of an activity such as riding a bike, involves the ____, which controls motor activity. a. cerebellum b. medulla oblongata c. cerebrum d. hippocampus e. hypothalamus 72. What technique detects brain voltage (electrical activity) fluctuations? a. molecular biology techniques using brain tissue b. x-rays c. positron emission tomography (PET) d. electroencephalograph (EEG) e. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) 73. What brain imaging technique detects changes in blood flow? a. x-rays b. electroencephalograph (EEG) c. positron emission tomography (PET) d. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) e. microscopy 74. What brain-related injury has gotten recent attention from the professional sporting world? a. fractured skulls b. concussion c. spinal cord injuries d. Alzheimer’s disease e. Parkinson’s disease 75. 1. ____ axon 2. ____ cell body 3. ____ conducting zone 4. ____ dendrites 5. ____ input zone 6. ____ output zone 76. Match a letter on the illustration with a part listed. 1. ____ presynaptic cell 2. ____ postsynaptic cell 3. ____ synaptic cleft 4. ____ synaptic vesicle 5. What does the synaptic vesicle contain? a. Na+ b. K+ c. Ca++ d. neurotransmitter e. myelin 77. Why is the axon the only cellular projection in sensory neurons? 78. Describe the following functional zones of a motor neuron: input zone, trigger zone, conducting zone, and output zone. 79. What is a membrane potential? 80. What happens when an impulse reaches the end of an axon that is attached to skeletal muscle? 81. Most organs receive both sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation from the autonomic system. In brief, explain how both would influence activities of an organ? 82. What is the limbic system? What does it control? 83. How do positron emission tomography (PET) scans and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRIs) differ in brain study? 84. How is the resting membrane potential established? 85. What is the difference between ion channels in the postsynaptic neuron cell body and ion channels in the axon of a neuron? 86. An action potential is self-propagating and does not weaken with distance. How is the action potential self-propagating? 87. When the brain slams against the inside of the bony skull, it can cause a traumatic brain injury called a concussion. Describe the danger of suffering a concussion. the question(s) in reference to the five regions of the vertebrate brain listed below. a. cerebrum b. hypothalamus c. pons d. cerebellum e. medulla oblongata REFERENCES: Section 29.9 What are the features of a vertebrate brain? KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember OTHER: Classification Questions 88. This region of the brain contains regulates the respiratory rate. : e POINTS: 1 89. This region of the brain contains the reflex centers involved in respiration. : e POINTS: 1 90. This region of the brain controls neural−endocrine activities such as temperature control. : b POINTS: 1 91. This region of the brain controls appetite. : b POINTS: 1 92. This part of the brain controls the complex coordination of motor activity and limb movement. : d POINTS: 1 Show Less