University of the Philippines Manila

• PHAR 111 AND 11

• Hyperinsulinemia in Fish (Aggabao, Marieb, Semantic Scholar, Tortora) Report Outline: I. Endocrine System II. Insulin III. Hyperinsulinemia IV. Hyperinsulinemia in Fish V. Applications on Human VI. References I. Endocrine system (Semantic Scholar, n.d.) The endocrine system is the second major controlling system of the body, that acts along with the nervous system. It helps the body’s cell to coordinate and integrate its activities. Unlike nervous system which employs electrochemical impulses that brings rapid control, the role of the endocrine systems is to alter the activity of body cells through chemical “messengers” known as hormones. This results into chemical changes that is induced through the glands of the endocrine system. Endocrine system is more slow acting than nervous system since it uses hormones instead of nerve impulses. Endocrine organs, also known as ductless glands since their secretions of hormones are released into the extracellular space around the secretory cells or directly into the blood stream. Endocrine system is made up of eight major endocrine glands such as pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, pancreatic islet cells, adrenal glands, testis, ovary, and pineal gland. Hormones released into the blood are for transport throughout the body. These hormones regulate the growth and development, the function of many tissues, and to coordinate the metabolic processes within the body. It affects the biochemical activity of different organ systems. One of the easiest relationship observed between the endocrine system and animal behavior is the study of the effect of insulin level to the homeostatic maintenance of our body. II. Insulin (Tortora, 2014) Insulin, is a hormone that is produced by the pancreas that decreases the blood glucose level in order to regulate the glucose level in our body, which is present in all vertebrates. Insulin is an important hormone, since as an organism consumes a food, it gets digested and broken down into smaller units such as glucose. It then enters the blood stream wherein in an elevation of blood glucose can occur, without insulin the glucose level would continue to rise which is a great risk for cellular and tissue damage, especially within the tissues of nervous system.